This is a bilingual publication featuring the original Chinese text and the French translation by Professor Paul Demiéville. Professor Jao explored the origin of ci poems by studying the qu-zi-ci (ci lyrics that could be set to music) in the classics of the Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties period unearthed in Dunhuang, and annotating the contexts. This book provides valuable first-hand information for researching music introduced from China’s Western Regions, via Dunhuang to the Central Plains.